Regarding the isolated peripheral leukocytes, our study revealed enhanced oxidative stress and damage in PMNs and MNs from NDD-CKD, HD and PD patients, showing a marked increase of XO activity and lipid damage (MDA), an impairment of the antioxidant enzymes (higher SOD and lower CAT and GPx activities) and an altered redox GSSG/GSH balance compared to healthy controls. This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and chronic kidney disease.