Except for hemodynamic factors that lead to LV hypertrophy, in CKD there are particular factors that predispose sufferers to LV hypertrophy, including hyperphosphatemia, which may cause increased LV mass and arterial hypertension; activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, causing increased myocardial fibrosis; and increased activity of sympathetic system [50]. Here, REN is linked to chronic kidney disease.