PIK3CA and lung cancer: In lung cancer cell lines, SHP2 mediates cisplatin-resistance-related phosphatase in a process that involves the inhibition of apoptosis by the activation of Ras/PI3K/AKT/survivin signaling pathway, and, consequently, the inhibition of SHP2 was associated with reduced expression of Ras, AKT, AKT activation, and survivin [261].