Using GAD67-GFP and GIN-GFP transgenic mice coupled with viral infection of neurons with ChR2, we were able to examine the responses of layer 2/3 fast-spiking GAD67+ and regular-spiking GIN+ interneurons (as well as NF, GFP− cells that were likely pyramidal neurons, Fig. 1). This evidence concerns the gene NFASC and viral infectious disease.