CD274 and neoplasm: According to the results of ATPSS and the histopathological manifestations of the cases, we can conclude that ATPSS was able to accurately distinguish tumor parenchyma, interstitium, most infiltrating immune cells and tissue cells in lung squamous cell carcinoma, and could precisely identify PD-L1 membrane-positive tumor cells from histiocytes, which showed a high level of agreement with the ground truth.