NOL3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Trained HSPCs show enhanced myelopoiesis against the subsequent infectious events (known as trained immunity).92 Chronic disease conditions, such as obesity,93 diabetes,94 arthritis, atherosclerosis, and aging,95 also induce epigenetic reprogramming in HSPCs to regulate their proliferation and differentiation to MyP cells.