CD34 and myocardial ischemia: Along with rodent HSPCs, human CD34+ and/or CD133+ cells from adult BM, umbilical cords, or peripheral blood have exhibited their prohealing functions in animal models.195–198 CD34+ cells from these sources led to favorable outcomes in myocardial ischemia,199,200 critical limb ischemia,201 and chronic nonhealing ulcer.202 While CD34+ is enriched in HSPCs, it is not exclusive as the marker is also highly expressed endothelial lineage and subset of mesenchymal/epithelial lineages.