The change hotspots thus contained activated memory cells (CD45RO + CD38+) that were notable for their early memory/stem-like T cell signature (TCF1+ CD27+), as well as their expression of CCR5 and CXCR3, both of which are chemokine receptors found on rhinovirus-specific CD4+ T cells that respond during infection (Muehling et al., 2020; Muehling et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene CD38 and infection.