ISM1 and melanoma: Kudo-Saito et al. (2009) reported that EMT in melanoma induce regulatory T cells and impaired dendritic cells, which leads to resistance to immunotherapy. Therefore, we speculate that EMT induced by ISM1 upregulation played an important role in regional lymph node involvement and advanced stages of CRC. Indeed, our in vitro experiments showed that ISM1 could promote EMT.