From the expression landscape across gastrointestinal cancer types, ISM1 showed a higher expression trend in esophageal carcinoma and rectal adenocarcinoma but a lower expression trend in stomach adenocarcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P > 0.05; Supplementary Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene ISM1 and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.