In agreement with the previous observation that succinate impairs bacterial engulfment by macrophages, as indicated by LogCFU/ml (Figure 1A), succinate-treated BMDMs displayed significantly reduced mRNA expression of Marcks, Rhob and no difference in Cdc42 30 min after E. coli infection compared to untreated BMDMs (Figure 2A). This evidence concerns the gene CDC42 and escherichia coli infection.