Many cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vimentin, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are produced by macrophages and T lymphocytes activated due to endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress (20–22). Here, IL4 is linked to endothelial dysfunction.