In our study, mice fed a HFD for 12 weeks developed severe insulin resistance, as indicated by an increase in the impairment of glucose tolerance [measured by the (OGTT) and an increase in non-fasting blood glucose levels at the end of the experiment (week 12), HFD also caused a significant increase in the phosphorylation of Ser307 of IRS-1 (a marker of insulin resistance), which impairs the ability of IRS-1 to activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent downstream pathway (32). Here, IRS1 is linked to Insulin resistance.