TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In addition to the strong effect of TDP-43 on RNA metabolic processes in the cell, RNA has a robust effect on the concerted toxicity of TDP-43 in ALS (Voigt et al., 2010; Ihara et al., 2013; D’Alton et al., 2014; Kitamura et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2019).