TNF and retinal degeneration: Simvastatin treatment attenuated the expression of several markers, characteristic for classical activation (i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); Table 3) and significantly mitigated CD86 expression (Fig. 3h) that has been shown to involve in pro-inflammatory phenotype-mediated retinal degeneration and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)30,31.