In the first 12 months, EBV infection acquisition in infants was not associated with maternal HIV parameters (WHO stage, p = 0.423, viral load, p = 0.779 CD4 + cell count, p = 0.655), nor with the duration (p = 1.000) or the type of regimen (p = 0.850) of antiretroviral treatment (Table 1), while it was significantly associated with lower socioeconomic conditions: 77.6 % of the mothers of infants who acquired EBV had poor educational level (vs. 54.5 % of the infants not EBV-infected at 12 months p = 0.018). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and Epstein-Barr virus infection.