Using the batched dataset from GEO data, we found that KRT7 (also known as CK7) and SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1) were associated with PLS3 expression (Fig. 9A), while SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) had a strong association with PLS3 expression in PDA (Fig. 9B–D). Here, SPP1 is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.