Additionally, IHC assays demonstrated that downregulation of HECW1 was observed in sunitinib- or pazopanib-resistant orthotopic ccRCC specimens (which were also described in our previous studies [14, 15] compared with naïve orthotopic ccRCC specimens (Fig. 2f-g). This evidence concerns the gene HECW1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.