Expression of CMA genes during infection of these cell lines was also examined (Fig. 8A, right 12 lanes), and demonstrated that reduction in GRIM-19 level did not influence the level of transcription of any of the four CMA genes tested (TPM3, STX3, Dystroglycan 1 [DAG1], and Heme-binding protein 1 [HEBP1]). Here, DAG1 is linked to infection.