SMIM45 and breast carcinoma: Of the nine genes (KLC3, LINC00634, NHLRC4, C11orf45, ZKSCAN2, KIF9, KIF7, SALL1, and ODF3L2) in our signature, researchers have proven that SALL1 can act as a tumor suppressor by recruiting NuRD to induce tumor cell senescence in breast cancer during which it is controlled by the MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways.16