For example, the Kv1.2, Kv1.5, Kv7.5, BKCaβ1 and TASK1 channels are under direct negative control of miR-1, miR-23b-3p, miR-29b, miR-138, miR-190, miR-206 and miR-222, whose up-regulation in PAH (e.g. 4-fold for miR-1) decreased channel expression in human and rodent PASMCs, and promoted membrane depolarisation and arterial wall hypertrophy [50–52]. The gene discussed is KCNA5; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.