ULK1/2 has been linked to diverse oncogenic or tumor-suppressive signalling cascades (e.g., KRASG12D/Copper, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, FAK/RhoA, STK11/liver kinase-B1 [LKB1]) that are engaged in pathogenesis of solid tumors from various types 50-52. This evidence concerns the gene PTK2 and neoplasm.