CXCR3 and cancer: CXCR3 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) that contains 7 transmembrane domains, which can generate secondary signals and activate multiple downstream pathways through specific binding with the ligands CXCL9-11 25; subsequently mediating tumor formation, and the proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasiveness and metastases of cancer cells, thereby leading to the progression of many diseases 23, 26.