TNF and cancer: Based on these results, we confirm that TNF-α as the key inflammation regulator within TME, and TNF-α upregulates CXCL10 through the NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and p38 MAPK pathways, acts on cancer cells with high expression of CXCR3, promotes CC migration and invasiveness, and induces EMT in CC by PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Snail pathway.