Since other oncogenic transcripts, such as PIK3R3, which has been previously shown to trigger the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in ESCC cells [50], also exhibit abnormal m5C modification, it would be interesting to further explore whether m5C modification has the same regulatory function as GRB2 on various transcripts or cancer-related signaling. Here, AKT1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.