TLR1 and infection: The corresponding signal transduction will amplify the effect of anti-pathogen infection, so that the immune cells active in the inflammatory response can be activated through the transcription of genes, and produce and secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory and antiviral factors.34–36 Up to now, 10 functional TLRs (TLR1–10) have been found in humans and 12 (TLR1–9 and TLR11–13) in mice.37–41 TLR10 in mice is not functional due to the insertion of reverse transcriptase.42 TLRs recognize PAMPs in different subcellular structures.