TLR8 and chronic hepatitis B virus infection: It can induce the production of IFN-α, IL-6, and TNF-α to achieve the purpose of regulating immunity and treating tumors.440 Selgantolimod, a novel TLR8 agonist, can activate TLR8 and elicit cytokine responses in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.441,442 Further studies with longer durations of selgantolimod treatment are required to evaluate efficacy.