TNF and TNF receptor 1-associated periodic fever syndrome: It has been verified that MenSC-derived small EVs have an effect in suppressing hepatocyte apoptosis in a D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced FHF model in mice [133]; also, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β was evidently reduced in co-culture of alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) hepatocytes with MenSC-derived small EVs in vitro.