In contrast to long dsRNA, however, abundant vsiRNAs are processed from dsRNA-vRIs made by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) during infection in several commonly used lines of differentiated cells and/or mice with mutant viruses, including NoV, IAV, HEV71 and DNV2, rendered defective in the expression or the activity of the cognate VSR, but remained competent in the induction of the IFN response [23,25,27,29,30]. Here, IFNA1 is linked to infection.