We can see that pathways associated with cancers were enriched, such as ‘Wnt signalling pathway’, ‘TGF‐beta signalling pathway’, ‘Proteoglycans in cancer’, ‘PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway’ and ‘Pathways in cancer’, illustrating that these DEGs may promote the progress of PTC to some extent. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.