Apoptosis was significantly increased in the PC-AKI group compared to the controls, but with significant mitigation in the PC-AKI with glycyrrhizin group compared to the PC-AKI group (caspase3; P = 0.002, cleaved caspase-3; P < 0.001) (Fig. 5A,B). The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is pachyonychia congenita.