TGFB1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Hypoxia has been reported to manipulate the behavior and functionality of immune cells in many cancers including HNSCC, and a salient feature of tumorigenesis is evasion of immune recognition and under hypoxic conditions.123–125 Hypoxic conditions in cancer have been known to generate various immune suppressive components, such as IL-10 and TGFβ.