However, in cells of advanced HCC with high PSPC1 expression, PTK6 can translocate to the cytoplasm and cell membrane as an oncogene, and reciprocally, cytoplasmic β–catenin can translocate to the nucleus to interact with PSPC1 to facilitate synergistic oncogenic effects such as EMT, Wnt3a autocrine signaling and stemness toward metastasis. Here, WNT3A is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.