Moreover, targeting the PSPC1/PTK6 interaction with PSPC1 C-terminal 131 polypeptide (PSPC1-CT131) as an innovative therapeutic agent in HCC cells was found to reverse the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of PTK6 and β-catenin, suppress the expression of the autocrine oncogenic growth factors Wnt3a and TGF-β, and inhibit tumor progression and metastasis in vivo in HCC mouse models. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.