This hypothesis could also explain some of the observed discrepancies in the TSPO PET signal detected in patients: TSPO binding is unchanged or even decreased early in the illness course, for instance in ultra-high risk of psychosis (Di Biase et al., 2017, Hafizi et al., 2017), first-episode patients (Hafizi et al., 2017) and patients within the first 5 years after illness onset, regardless of clinical state. The gene discussed is TSPO; the disease is psychotic disorder.