One factor that likely contributes to the literature's incongruous findings is that most research cannot distinguish rational, indicated as polypharmacy (e.g., using aspirin, statin, beta blocker, and angiotensin receptor blocker following a myocardial infarction), from illogical, “haphazard” polypharmacy (a type 1 diabetic who is prescribed metformin and glipizide in addition to insulin). Here, INS is linked to myocardial infarction.