The median PSA was 5.3 ng/ml (IQR 3.5–7.6) and 5.3 ng/ml (IQR 3.4–7.7), median PSAD was 0.13 ng/ml/cm3 (IQR 0.11–0.15) and 0.08 ng/ml/cm3 (IQR 0.06–0.09), and the median 4Kscore was 19 (IQR 13–28) and 9 (IQR 3–18) for men with PCa and men with benign biopsy, respectively. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.