A study using a mouse model deficient in protein phosphatase 2Cm (PP2Cm), which is a critical component in the conversion of branch chain ketone acids to acyl-CoA derivatives via the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH), demonstrated that the knockout mice have a higher susceptibility to heart failure in response to pressure overload stress (87). This evidence concerns the gene PPM1K and heart failure.