CXCL1 and colitis: Furthermore, there were increased levels of CXCL1 and the number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood (Figure 4A) in the groups containing LPS-induced pneumonia or DSS-induced colitis (including aDSS, LPSPn, SOS + LPSPn, DSS + SOS, and DSS + SOS + LPSPn).