It turned out that the neutrophils in the peripheral blood and portal vein were both inactive, since the production of ROS (Figure 5A), pro-inflammatory cytokines (Figure 5B), and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (Figure 5C) remained unchanged, while hepatic neutrophils showed elevated production of ROS (Figure 5A, right shift of the purple and pink wave peeks) in colitis-induced liver injury (DSS + SOS and DSS + SOS + LPSPn groups), as well as the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-12, and CCL3 (Figure 5B), and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (Figure 5C). Here, CCL3 is linked to colitis.