Endogenous high-mobility group protein B1, which has been demonstrated to mediate persistent neuroinflammation and consequent progressive neurodegeneration by promoting multiple inflammatory and neurotoxic factors, could promote the autophagic degradation α-syn via the Atg 5-dependent autophagy-initiation pathway in PD (Guan et al., 2018). Here, HMGB1 is linked to Parkinson disease.