These findings are in agreement with those previously reported by Vitelli-Avelar and co-workers (Vitelli-Avelar et al., 2005; Vitelli-Avelar et al., 2006), showing that asymptomatic, indeterminate Chagas disease patients exhibited an immune response profile characterized by increased levels of circulating proinflammatory monocytes (CD14+CD16+HLA‐DR++), and a high frequency of NKT-cells (CD3+CD16-CD56+) along with an elevated frequency of NK-cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+ and CD3-CD16+CD56dim). The gene discussed is NCAM1; the disease is Chagas disease.