Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) querying of the hallmark gene sets within the MSigDB (42) revealed that higher DCLK1 mRNA expression positively correlates (r-Pearson correlation coefficient > 0.4) with a number of hallmark pathways associated with cancer proliferation, survival and stemness maintenance, such as the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), Hedgehog, angiogenesis, WNT/β-catenin, KRAS, TGFβ, and NOTCH signaling networks (Figures 4A, B). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.