TNF and chronic kidney disease: In this study, in line with our previous publications, we found significant associations between severity of CKD and inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α), oxidative stress (8-epiPGF2), and endothelial dysfunction (fibrinogen, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1) markers and interesting correlations among these novel biomarkers as part of their well-recognized interplay in the uremic milieu [52, 53].