The importance of macrophage polarization in fibrosis was verified by integrated arginine and proline metabolism and the TLR-4/NLRP3/TGF-β signaling pathway, and arctiin and arctigenin could both attenuate the development of silicosis and protect the lungs from injury by blocking the polarization of macrophages and inhibiting the differentiation of myofibroblasts by regulating TLR-4/NLRP3/TGF-β signal transduction. Here, TLR4 is linked to silicosis.