NPPB and heart disorder: The advances in the study of heart diseases have led to the discovery of a broad range of novel biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risks, including cTnI and cTnT, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its prohormone NT-proBNP, C-reactive protein (CRP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, miRNA, matrix metalloproteinases, and cystatin C [69, 70].