CST4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Although previous studies have demonstrated that CST3 was upregulated in both hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and serum, suggesting its potential as a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma 26-28, the current study found no significant difference in CST3, CST4, and CST5 expression between CRC tissues and noncancerous CRC tissues, as well as no correlation between CST3, CST4, and CST5 and advanced stage or OS in patients with CRC.