IFITM3 and encephalitis: For instance, a respiratory tract infection with repeated influenza infections or fulminant (necrotizing) encephalitis should be screened for genetic mutations at Ran Binding Protein 2 (RANBP2) (79) or interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) (77), respectively, and anti-virus treatment (e.g. Tamiflu) should be initiated as early as possible.