Interestingly, when 5, 10 or 30% of SLE gut microbiota were replaced with the same proportions of Bifidobacterium bifidum LMG13195 (Bb) or a mixture of two Clostridia strains (CI: Ruminococcus obeum DSM25238 and Blautia coccoides DSM935), which are known for Treg-inducing effects, Bb and CI significantly reduced CD4+ lymphocyte over-activation and Th17/Th1 balance, respectively (124). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and systemic lupus erythematosus.