Higher NS1 levels, which are associated with milder forms of dengue as shown earlier (Figure 3H), also correlated directly with high levels of IFN-γ from CD56+CD3+ NKT cells, TNF-α from CD16+ monocytes and IL-10 from granulocytes (Figures 5J–L), suggesting a requirement for high viral antigen levels to achieve efficient innate cell activation. Here, TNF is linked to dengue disease.