CXCL1 and giardiasis: Since the alarmins IL-25 and IL-33 have been shown to be important during intestinal worm infections and the chemokines CCL2, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3 were found to be up-regulated in human epithelial cells during Giardia infection, we finally assessed the expression levels of these factors in the small intestines of infected mice at 12 dpi.