A strong immuno-suppressive TME may counteract anti-cancer directed immunotherapies, e.g. neo-epitope-directed vaccination. Anti-TGFbeta directed therapies could be considered, either in the format of monoclonal antibodies or – in the case of active cellular therapies, gene-edited (TGFbeta-receptor) negative T-cells. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.