For people burdened with T1D and T2D, it is clear that progress is being made; in the next half-decade we expect to see more important advances in beta cell biology and pathobiology, medicinal chemistry, T1D immunology, T2D therapy, preclinical safety studies, and early human trials with DYRK1A inhibitors. The gene discussed is DYRK1A; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.