The exogenous insulin protocol in T1D IVGTTs achieved near-normal plasma free-insulin levels: first-phase = 62 ± 9 SE mu/L; second-phase = 34 ± 9 mu/L, and Kg was normal at 1.3 ± 0.29 min-1 x 102 (7). Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.