HMOX1 and memory impairment: A previous study reported that gastrodin can ameliorate oxidative stress and ferroptosis caused by glutamate in HT-22 cells through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway (Jiang et al., 2020), and several reports have stated that Mel attenuates the oxidative stress and memory impairment associated with klotho deficiency through a signaling interaction between the MT2 receptor and Nrf2-related antioxidant effects (Shin et al., 2015).