GCG and acute kidney injury: 4) Effects of GLP-IR activation on endothelial cells: GLP-IR activation can reduce oxidative stress of endothelial cells by reducing iNOS secretion, thereby improving endothelial cell dysfunction; 5) Renal effects: the expression of GLP-1 receptor in renal tubules, GLP-1 RAS can prevent inflammation and septicaemic induced AKI by blocking the sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE3), enhance the excretion of sodium in renal tubules, and reduce RAS activation; Thus play the role of kidney protection.